Which statement about the four pillars of procedural justice is true?

Which statement about the four pillars of procedural justice is true?

• A. The pillars are speed, secrecy, punishment, and bias
• B. The pillars are transparency and openness, voice, fairness, and speed
• C. The pillars are fairness and consistency, voice and representation, transparency and openness, and impartiality and unbiased decision-making
• D. The pillars are privacy, efficiency, discretion, and control

Answer: (C)

Procedural justice is about the fairness of the process people experience, not just the outcome. The best statement reflects four core fairness principles: rules are applied with fairness and consistency so decisions are predictable; people have a real opportunity to be heard and their views considered; the process is transparent and open, showing how decisions are made and what criteria are used; and decisions are impartial and unbiased, based on relevant factors rather than favoritism. Together, these pillars shape whether the process feels fair. The other options mix elements like speed, secrecy, punishment, privacy, or discretion—these do not align with the standard framework of procedural justice.

Procedural justice is about the fairness of the process people experience, not just the outcome. The best statement reflects four core fairness principles: rules are applied with fairness and consistency so decisions are predictable; people have a real opportunity to be heard and their views considered; the process is transparent and open, showing how decisions are made and what criteria are used; and decisions are impartial and unbiased, based on relevant factors rather than favoritism. Together, these pillars shape whether the process feels fair. The other options mix elements like speed, secrecy, punishment, privacy, or discretion—these do not align with the standard framework of procedural justice.